Rudnica, Lubusz Voivodeship

Rudnica (German Hammer - Solecka) is a village in Poland, in the Krzeszyce gmina, Sulęcin County, Lubusz Voivodeship. It is situated 4 km eastward from the village Kołczyn and 14 km south-west of Gorzów Wielkopolski. It is also located about 1 km eastward of the Lubniewka River, a left tributary to the Warta River, and some 2 km southward from the railway line leading from Gorzów Wielkopolski to Kostrzyn nad Odrą. Rudnica is as well located on the edge of sulęcińsko-skwierzyński forests, to the south of Kołczyn.

In the period from 1975 to 1998 the willage had administratively been a part of the Gorzów Voivodeship.

History

Traces of melting of iron ore on the turf eras. The village was established in the area, which in the fifteenth century belonged to Greater Poland. Rudnica as such always belonged to Brandenburg. 1.02.1945r. was occupied by the troops of 8 AGW. To 1975. - District sulęcinski (formerly wschodniotorzymski), in the province. Zielona Gora. Before 1945. independent rural commune, after World War II cluster in aggregate community Kolchin, in the years 1945 to 1972 - parish in the district of the National Council of Kolchin.

Both the German and Polish name refer to the fact that here and mined iron ore melted. Currently, the village has taken since the beginning of the ironworks was founded in the first half. XVI century village land Kolchin. Hence, at first ironworks settlement was called Neue Koltzschen. However, already in 1580r. called the same forging die Rede. In 1608r. Grunewoldta relationship that is reported Klem Neuen Koltzen. In 1718. Hammer oder saved Koltschen Klem, which is a small Kolchin. Bratringa In the early nineteenth century, there is only Hammer. Knight Capital and operated under the name Hammer-Koltschen. Already in 1631r. Hammerkelschen reported. From the German name of the village and the property was derived more than one name. After the construction of ironworks river began to be called Hammerflief. Unknown today Hammerbusch colony was called, the court was called Hammerhof, Altenhof later, that an old mansion after 1945. - Opieczki, north-east. Rudnica hamlet and Hammereeke (k Nałżczyn hair). The age-old mansion Waldowów as a fief only mentioned in the document with the 1715r. The village belonged to the Colonel. Arend von Waldow, who had three small sons. Three years later, the sleeping cornfields revealed four co-owners: Lt.-Col. Adam Christoph von Waldow, Lt.-Col. Friedrich Sigismund von Waldow, Cpt. Karl von Maxen Andersen, as it is known that he was subjected and the Ducal Saxon Waldowów and Sebastian von Waldow, to which he belonged Stobno farm. In 1747r. part of the village, was to be the testament of Adam Carl Waldow vin orphanage saved hetero, but no later confirmation of this fact, even in Bratringa. In the years . Rudnica together with part of Kolchin acquired Karl Sigismund von Reitzenstein. His successor was Carl Ernest Sigismund von Reitzenstein, in the years 1786-1790 Kielpino palace in the builder and founder of the bell in Kołczynie in 1800. In 1795r by marriage, probably his daughter, Ernestine von Reitzenstein with Carl Christian von Waldow Ernest Rudnica back into the hands of Waldowów. Their descendants from around 1820. began using the name von Waldow-Reitzenstein. Sam Rudnica belonged to him only one-third. In the eighteenth century lived Rudnica subjected to the farm in Stobno, with the emancipation of the property Stobno (horns), this part of the village dropped. In 1865. Rudnica became part of the newly created entailment (fideikomisu) Reitzenstein in Kiełpino.

Rudnica noble palace was built after the war 30 years, because although the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus in 1631r. occupied accommodation in Hammerkelschen, but it could just as easily be about Kolchin. Rudnica as the seat of the Knights' is mentioned in 1724r. It was located in the north .- situated east. from the village farm Hammerholf (forging court). Even in the early Bratring. Nineteenth century, wrote that Hammerhof, the farm is actually a noble Rudnica property in the city, which a few hundred yards from the village lies. This was probably the twilight of the glory of this settlement, because in addition, the newly established Kielpino, who bore the tribal name of the new owners Reitzenstein, was built in 1790r. classical palace. From that time began to be called Hammerhof Altenhof (old mansion), after 1945. Opieczki and under this name was already in the "Dictionary" recorded. Being by virtue of position rather Rudnica hamlet, before 1945. Opieczki officially escaped hamlet Kiełpin community. At the site of the former farm-like make-Kubach was, however, lies in the woods with the new in most buildings. Until the eighteenth century was part of Rudnica property Kolchin, described further in 1972. as Waldower Gestift oder Kolschenschen Territirium. In 1715r. those included in the estate created in the fifteenth and sixteenth century settlement Rudnica, Brzozowa (Neuwalde) Stobno (Stubbenhgen) Mashko (Neudorf) and Rudna (Rauden). In 1775. the damages awarded assets benefited the colonies inlets (Lossow) and Krzyszczyzna (Cocceji).

As a result of adjustment in the years 1770-1778 Warta land Rudnica Kolchin and formed colonies Szamarzewice (Altona), Silicon (Scheiblersburg) Łukomin (Streitwalde) Kiełpin (Reitzenstein). In 1785r. there was no longer a place of chivalry. Earlier, however, settled in the branches Waldowów Rudnica. In 1785r. the property that must be Włostów colonies, Szamarzewice, underlying non-existent now Kolchin Ernestinenburg of 7 colonists and Babice (Weiberwerder), a total of 75 settlers, 10 peasants and 12 working-class families, as well as farms Waldow and Treck (probably a bug, because in 1750r. was Waldowstrenk, or Wałdowice) Kiełpin Kolchin and part of the 12 workers, 8 zagrodnikami, a peasant, and four members of the household, in addition mills, glassworks, brickworks, Smolarnia, sawmill, and a mysterious manor Schalm. After 1778. colony was founded Hammersche Bush later called Hammerbusch. With a population of 20 families a settlement lay "a mile from Rudnica", probably in the neighborhood Kolchin. Bratring at the beginning. Nineteenth century, stated that the quarter belonged Rudnica Kolchin and middle colonies Babice and Dryer. In the mid-nineteenth century mansion Hammer Koltschen included 18,759 acres (4,789 hectares), including 16 thousand. acres of forest. Arable land consisted of only 2,443 acres (624 hectares), 130 acres of meadows and pastures barely 5th The property-and is bordered by Berghaus-owned land (village) Rudnica, forest belonging to the Lubniewice, Pniewy, Gorzow, Boleminem and scarlet fever. The estate belonged Kiełpin, Wadowice, Szamarzewice, Ernestinenburg, Rudnica third part, fourth part Kolchin, crippled (Kalkmuhle) k. Wałdowic, Babice, Nałeczyn (Hammerecke) k. Hair and Hair himself.

For property in Rudnica in 1718. had five cornfields peasant. In 1785r. on the farm Hammerhof 10 families lived in cottage industries. In the late eighteenth / nineteenth the collapse of the farm, which was transformed into a forest village Altenhof-Opieczki. Wielodrożnica sześciopromiennej star-shaped. In the middle-square triangle. According to the description of the pre-dominant storey buildings, usually plastered and timbered. Start the village gave the ironworks, remembers the first time in 1538r. Because of the ironworks which flows through the village Lubniewka (Muhlenflieb) changed its name to Hammerflieb here. In 1580r. there were already 3 houses. In 1662r. village had 38 cornfields in 1718. These fields of birth certificates were converted into 36 cornfields in real terms, at the beginning. Nineteenth century-14 fiefs. In 1850. village had 780 acres (about 200ha), of which 473 acres were owned by peasants, the rest-courtly. In 1601r. and 1615r. in the village were 36 cottagers, and three shepherds. During the 30-year war had suffered great damage, because in 1662r. lived here 19 cottagers, a pastor and shepherd, 17 farms was still empty. In 1718. 29 cottagers cultivated by a canopy, the other 2 had a sawmill owner. In 1785r. there were 28 cottagers and 4 members of the household, not counting the farm (probably in Stobno) and colonies (prawdop. Hammerbusch). In the early nineteenth century, there were 28 full Rudnica cottagers (Ganz-Kossaten), also 11 bailiffs. Countryside nice characterized by service both to the court, as well as local businesses, where they had to work zagrodnicy. The subject of Rudnica lived assets in Stobno.

According to the description of the 1785r. is 11 cottagers, and seven bailiffs. In total, so in the late eighteenth century, lived in a village 39 cottagers, which is just like in the beginning. Seventeenth century. Even in the 1850s. part of the village belonged to the estate Stobno. Berghaus calculated was 49 colonists. In 1939 was written in Rudnica 211 individual households. Before 1945. independent rural commune.

1850. -3 Homes, 1804r .- 59, 1982. -98 Buildings. 1804r .- 291 inhabitants, 1830. - 327, 1939r.-656. After the war, no country has already reached this level of population: 1949. -318, 1958. -419; Census of 1970. 409 people showed yet, since then the population has been steadily decreasing: 1978. -368, 1988. -345. Before 1945. village inhabited by people of German Evangelical confessions. Some of the names of the cottagers 1718r.zdradzają recorded in the Polish origin. Residents were called at that time: Stabs, Pohl, Mertzke, Wutzke, Teicherd, Moritz, Hauschcke, Tam, Lunderstadt, slate, Kube, Scheider, Ulrich, Loppem, Lange, Schultze, Schroder, Grunow, Seyfert, Zeise, Potke, Mottner. After 1945. village populated by first military settlers, as the area was earmarked for settlement led by 5 DP.

Agriculture was not the main livelihood of the population. In 1718. arable land, divided into three fields are clean, but poor and sandy-fiefs were recorded in the census. The structure of the canopy zagrodniczym sowing was as follows: 63% rye, barley 21%, 5% vetch, flax and hemp and 10%. All collected 152 carts of hay. Grasslands in dry years, good, do not give in wet hay. All zagrodnicy had 8 horses, 67 oxen, 137 cows, 70 sheep, 42 pigs, 40 geese. Several cottagers have bee.

References